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涉外合同的其它表达方式
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涉外合同的其它表达方式

  

  

  涉外合同还采用下列表达方式,使其更加完整、简洁、醒目、结构严谨、主次

  分明:

   

  1.     采用大小标题、分章、分条、分款、分项书写。

  

   

  2.     使用附录(Annex)、一览表(Schedule)等形式详列某些必要的细节作为合同的

  组成部分。

  

   

  3.     在合同前文之后使用定义(Definition)条款—把合同中反复出现的用语加以界定意

  义并赋予简称,既避免解释上的分歧,又能使合同简洁:

  

  Article 1: Definitions

  1.1 The Terms as used herein shall have the following meanings:

  1.1.1 The term Products means the products specified in Annex 2.

  1.1.2 The term components means any assembled or unassembled parts of the

  Products.

  

   

  4.     合同某些需要强调的部分用大写字母书写以资醒目;

  

  This AGREEMENT WITNESSES that WHEREAS and WHEREAS NOW

  THEREFORE, in consideration of it is hereby agreed as follows:

  

   

  5.     用“括号+简称”的方式把合同中反复出现的重要词语简化,以达到准确、简洁的

  目的:

  

  Foreign Advance Broadcasting Ltd ofAmsterdam,Holland(hereinafter called

  ’LICENSOR) and China Broadcasting Products Factory (hereinafter called

  “LICENSEE) agree to sign this Contract with the terms and conditions as

  follows:

  

   

  6.     用“数字+文字”的方式把合同中某些重要的金额、数量、期限等加以强调,以资

  醒目:

  

  US $ 4500 (SayUS. Dollars Four Thousand Five Hundred only)

  

  INVESTOR will assist CHINESE, PARTY to construct a paper mill inGuangdong

  Province,China, with a planned capacity of One Million (1000000) metric tons

  per year.

  

   

  涉外合同的语言特色(10)

  用语方面(6)

  

  六、下列特殊用语使用频繁(2)

  1.     IN CONSIDERATION OF 以……为约因/报酬

  

  约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一,没有则合同不能依法强制履行。但是,

  大陆法系的合同则无此规定。

  

  Now Therefore, in consideration of the premises and the covenants herein,

  contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

  兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因,订约双方协议如下:

  

  In consideration of the payment to be made by Party A to Party B, Party B hereby

  covenants with Party A to complete the building in conformity with the provisions

  of the Contract.

  乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设,以取得甲方所付的报酬。

  

   

  2.     NOW, THEREFORE 兹特

  

  此短语用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项的常用开头语,并与其后

  hereby的结合。如果无HEREAS条款,则本短语可省略:

  

  NOW, THEREFORE, its hereby agreed and understood as follows

  兹特协议和谅解如下:

  

   

  3.     NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS 兹特立约为据

  

  本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。

  PRESENTS = the present writings 是主语,WITNESS是谓语:

  

  NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties

  hereto as follows:

  兹特立约为据,并由订约双方协议如下:

  

   

  4.     IN THE PRESENCE OF 见证人

  

  本短语只在有见证人时使用—在订约双方当事人签名的下方由见证人签名作证,一

  般是相关的律师(Attorney)或公证处(Notary Public:

  

  IN THE PRESENCE OF the parties hereto have hereunder set their respective

  hands and seals:

  作为协议事项的证据,订约双方各自签名盖章如下:

  

  For and on behalf the first Party(甲方代表):

  The EMPLOYER (雇主)…

  Capacity (职位)

  In the Presence of (见证人)

  Capacity (职位)…

  Address (地址)…

  

  For and on behalf of the Second party(乙方代表):

  The CONTRACTOR (承包人)

  Capacity (职位)…

  In the Presence of (见证人)

  Capacity (职位)…

  Address (地址)….

  

   

  

   

   

   

  1.     WHEREAS 鉴于

  

  正式而重要的合同,尤其是英美法系的合同,多用它在前文中引出签约背景和目的,

  起连词作用:

  

  WHEREAS the Employer is desirous that manpower can be rendered available for the

  construction of High-Rise Residential Complex inBaghdad,Iraq;

  鉴于雇主欲请劳动力建造伊拉克巴格达的高层住宅综合大楼;

  

  WHEREAS the Contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the Works;

  鉴于承包人想为此工程提供劳动力;

  

   

  2.     WITNESS 证明

  

  在合同前文中常用作首句的谓语动词:

  

  This Agreement, made by ...

  WITNESSES

  WHEREAS..., it is agreed as follows:

  本协议由……签订证明:鉴于……特此达成协议如下:

  

   

  3.     IN WITNESS WHEREOF 作为所协议事项的证据:

  

  该短语常用于合同的结尾条款:

  

  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Contract in duplicate by their

  duly authorized representatives on the date first above written.

  作为所协议事项的证据,双方授权代表于上面首次写明的日期正式签订本协议一式

  两份。

  

  紧接合约本文的是其结束语,通常以IN WITNESS WHEREOF开头,意思是“

  作为所协议事项的证据“,全用大写,承诺从是日起,合约就由双方授权的高级

  职员或代表执行。

  

  INWITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement in

  English and in duplicate to be executed by their duly authorized officers

  representatives as of the day first above written.

  

  作为所协议事项的证据,与约双方已使英文和一式二份的本合约从上面首次写

  明的日子起由其正式授权的高级职员或代表执行。

   

   

  如何如何阅读英文合约阅读英文合约(初版)

  作者:刘承愚律师.黄怡君小姐

  肆 英文合约的结构

   一份完整的英文合约通常可以分为标题、序文、主文条款及结尾辞四大部

  份。「标题」在开宗明义地显示合约的性质;「序文」是用最简单的说明,大

  略介绍合约订立的背景;「主文条款」里包括依各种合约性质的不同而约定的

  特殊条款,以及不论何种类型合约都会出现的一般条款;最后「结尾辞」则是

  当事人签名前的一段文字,为整份合约画下句点。以下分别就此四部份为说明。

  一、合约的标题

   英文合约和中文合约都一样,标题并不是一定要有的,因为当事人间的法

  律关系是用合约内容的各个条款来判断,标题基本上不会产生任何影响。但为

  方便辨识的考量,合约撰写人通常都会依照合约性质,在合约首页的最上方给

  予一个适当的标题,例如“Share Purchase Agreement“(股份收购合约)、“Joint

  Venture Agreement“(合资合约)、 Loan Agreement“(贷款合约)、

  “Distribution Agreement“(经销合约)、 License Agreement“(授权合约)等

  等。

   至于标题中可能使用的 agreement contract letter

  “memorandum understanding 等各式各样的名称,有哪些意义相同,哪

  些在法律上可能有不同的拘束力,则请参阅第壹编之壹「英文合约的名称」一

  节,不再赘述。

  二、合约的序文

   英文合约在标题之后,各式各样的条款出现之前,通常会先有一段「序文」,

  一般而言不会占去太多的篇幅,目的在很简略地介绍合约规范内容之人、事、

  时、地、物等背景,让阅读合约的人在接触冗长复杂的主文前,先有一个基础

  的认识与心理准备。

   详细来说,序文通常又分作以下两个段落:第一部份文字叫做

  “commencement ,也就是合约的「开场白」,内容在说明合约当事人姓名或

  名称、当事人的国籍与住所或主营业所、订约日期等等。

   This Share Purchase Agreement is made on the 3rd day of May, 1991

  by and between&:

   (1) ENTERPRISES HOJAEC SA, a company organized and existing&

  under the laws ofFranceand having its registered office& at 89 rue Albert

  Thomas, 75010 Paris and

   (2) Mark Gilbert Handerson, an individual with nationality of the United

  States of America (Passport No.12345678), residing at2199 Palm Street,

  Pleasant Hill,California94509,USA.

   本股份收购契约订立于公元一九九一年五月三日,双方当事人为:

   (1) 依法国法律组织设立的ENTERPRISES HOJAEC SA公司, 注册所在

  地为48 rue Albert Thomas, 75010 Paris,与

   (2) 美国籍的Mark Gilbert Handerson (护照号码12345678 ),居住于2199

  Palm Street, Pleasant Hill, California 94509, USA

   by and between

  要表示合约是由哪些当事人所订定,英文中通常会说“This Agreement is made

  by and between...“,用“by“来表示合约「被谁订定」,“between“来表示「谁与

  谁之间的合意」。如果当事人不只两个,也可以用“by and among“来代替。

  & organized and existing

  合约开场白里要说明当事人的国籍,在自然人的情况下可以用“a national of ...

  或“an individual with the nationality of ...“来表示,如果是法人组织多半使用

  “organized and existing under the laws of ...“这样的字眼,其中“organized“也

  可以用“incorporated“来代替。

  & registered office

  “registered office“是指一个公司的「注册所在地」,它和“principal office ,即

  「主营业所」并不一定位于同一个地方。举例来说,现在台湾很多本土企业基

  于税务与方便性的考量,流行在海外几个特定的地方,例如英属维京群岛

  (British Virgin Islands; 简称“BVI“)成立所谓的「纸上公司」(“paper

  company“),此时这个公司必须在BVI「当地」设有一个registered office,但

  是公司的principal office则可能不在BVI,而位于台湾本土,因为公司一切的业

  务经营实际上都在台湾进行。

   第二部份叫做“Recitals“或“Preambles“,是由数个以“Whereas“字样开头

  的句子所组合而成(这些句子俗称为“Whereas Clauses Whereas“的本义

  是“When in fact“、“considering that“、或“that being the case“的意思,所以

  “Whereas Clauses“就表示当事人乃是在本于对这些事实(例如订约的目的、背

  景来由等)的共同认识,订立此合约。以下是一个经销契约(Distribution

  Agreement)的Whereas Clauses,很简单明了地叙述制造商与经销商双方合

  作的意愿。

   Whereas, Manufacturer is engaged in the manufacture and sale of the

  Products;

   Whereas, Manufacturer is desirous of selling the Products in the

  Territory;

   Whereas, Distributor is engaged in the importation and distribution of the

  related products of the Products in the Territory; and

   Whereas, Distributor is desirous of becoming a distributor of the

  Products in the Territory.

   &Now Therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows:

  (*Manufacturer, Products, Territory, and Distributor are all to be defined

  in other parts of the contract.)

   制造人乃从事本商品制造之公司。

   制造人希望在经销区域进行本商品之销售。

   销售人乃在经销区域从事与本商品相关商品进口与销售之公司。

   销售人希望能在经销区域代销本商品。

   基于以上之认识,双方当事人遂就下列各事项达成协议:

  (*文中提到的「制造人」、「本商品」、「经销区域」及「经销商」都应该在

  合约的其它部份加以定义。)请参照本书第贰编之伍「定义条款」。

  ? Now Therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows:

  紧接在一串whereas clauses之后,会出现类似上例中的“Now Therefore, the

  parties hereto agree as follows:“这样一句话,目的在提醒阅读合约的人,真正

  规范订约当事人权利义务关系的条款在这句话之后就要开始了,也就是说,这

  句话(一般称为“operative part“)是序文与主文之间的桥梁,在此之前为订约

  背景事实的叙述,在此之后则为关于交易关系的实体约定。

   实务上常见者,当事人签署一份合约之后,因为对同一交易事件还有后续

  的约定未及于该合约记载清楚,于是再另外作成第二份合约,作为先前合约的

  补充条款(supplemental clauses)。在这种情况下订立的第二份合约中,就会

  在Whereas Clauses 说明其缔约的来由与补充的性质。例如:

   WHEREAS, this Agreement is supplemental to an agreement dated 5

  December 1989 between the parties to this Agreement (the Principal

  Agreement) under which the Purchaser agreed to buy certain assets of the

  Vendor for an aggregate sum of 3 million.

   本合约是为补充双方当事人前于公元一九八九年十二月五日业已缔结之

  合约(以下称「主合约」)所订立,买方于主合约中同意向卖方购买总价值三

  百万英镑的资产。

  三、主文条款

   各式各样的主文条款是合约中最核心的部份,也是篇幅最大的部份,与当

  事人的权利义务关系发生最直接、最密切的牵连,例如买卖契约中一定要有价

  金、标的物等约定,合资契约中一定要约定各股东间的出资比例,授权契约一

  定要谈到授权范围等等,这些都是主文部份要详细记载的。

   本书拟将英文合约中的主文条款大分为两类:「特殊条款」与「一般条款」。

  所谓「特殊条款」指的是只有在某些特定性质的合约中才会出现的条款,例如

  合资契约中通常会约定当事人合资成立的公司由谁来管理,董事与监察人由谁

  来担任等等问题,但是抵押契约就不会有这些约定。反过来说,抵押契约中一

  定要记载的抵押品项目、抵押期限等等,在合资契约中就不会出现。诸如此类

  的「特殊条款」将留待本书之后续-「进阶篇」来详细介绍。

   相对于「特殊条款」的所谓「一般条款」,指的是不论合约性质如何,几

  乎所有的合约中都会记载的条款,例如管辖法院的约定、保密条款、准据法条

  款等等,将于本书第贰编中详细介绍,在此亦不赘述。

  四、合约的结尾辞

   英文合约架构中的最后一个部份就是结尾辞与当事人的签名。所谓「结尾

  辞」指的是在当事人签名之前经常会出现一段文字,除了表明签名人确实有签

  名的正当权限外,还会载明签名的日期。至于签名栏的部份,如果当事人是公

  司的话,除了要盖公司印鉴以外,还要有代表人的签名,并且通常会注明代表

  人的职称(title)

   IN WITNESS WHEREOF&, the parties hereto have caused this

  Agreement to be executed by duly authorized representatives& of both parties

  on the date and year first written above&.

   

   

  作者:刘承愚律师.黄怡君小姐

  捌 保证条款与承诺条款(Representations and Warranties; Covenants

   所谓「保证条款」(Representations; Warranties),系指当事人一方或

  双方针对过去曾经发生或现在存在,可能影响合约效力的一些「事实」,保证

  为确实不虚假的条款。常见者例如公司作为当事人所订立的合约,为确实保障

  双方权益,常常以此类条款保证公司成立的合法性、公司具备完整的权利能力

  (即法律上享受权利、履行义务的能力)、该订约行为曾经过公司内部合法程

  序决议等等事项。

   至于「承诺条款」(Covenants),则是指当事人对于未来的事情承诺一

  定的作为或不作为。例如A公司将自己旗下的造纸业资产与股份全数出售给B

  公司,B公司为了保障自己在市场上的地位与经济利益,可能会要求A公司承

  诺在这些股份与资产出售后,将不再经营相同的造纸事业,或购入其它造纸业

  的股份,这种所谓的「不竞业」义务的约定,就是A公司的一个“Covenant“。

   虽然在学理上可以将“Representation“、“Warranty“和“Covenant“做以上的

  区别,但是在英文合约的实际撰写上,常常把它们放在同一个条款,而统称为

  “Representations and Warranties“,或是“Covenants and Warranties“。下面为

  了清楚起见,还是用两个例子分开说明。

   当事人通常会约定,保证条款里所叙述过去或现在的「事实」如果有虚假

  情事,或者当事人违反自己在承诺条款所为之承诺,对方当事人即取得解除契

  约的权利(right of termination;请参考本编之拾肆「违约条款」一节)。

   The Seller hereby represents and warrants as to itself that:

   (i) it is a duly organized legal entity&, validly existing and in good

  standing& under the laws of the Republic of China;

   (ii) its Board of Directors has taken all necessary action to duly authorize

  the execution, delivery and performance& of this Agreement which actions

  are reflected in the minutes book& of the corporation; and

   (iii) its entry into and performance of its obligations under this Agreement

  do not violate any legal requirements& in the Republic of China as of the date

  hereof or any material agreements to which it is a party.

   出卖人保证下列事项属实:

   (i) 本公司为依中华民国法律合法组织存在之法律主体;

   (ii) 本公司董事会已依法授权本公司进行与本合约相关的订立与履行事

  宜,并记载于董事会记录中;

   (iii) 本公司订立本合约及因本合约所致生之义务,不违反订约时之任何中

  华民国法令,或违反其它任何本公司为当事人的合约。

   & legal entity

   在法律上,除了自然人(natural person)具备享受权利、负担义务的能力

  之外,还承认所谓的“legal entity“(法律主体)也有这种权利能力,例如公司法

  人就属于这样的一种“legal entity“,可以作为合约之当事人。

   & in good standing

   good standing“是一个公司合法、有效存在的一种表征。例如在美国,公

  司每年向各州州政府缴交少许的手续费用,州政府就会对该公司进行一些简单

  的调查工作,如纳税记录等等,如果没有问题,就会发给一张“certificate of good

  standing“,表彰该公司的状况大致良好。

   & execution, delivery and performance

   关于合约的签署和履行,英文里常 execution delivery

  “performance 合成一句话来说。其中“execution“是「签署」合约,

  “performance 是「履行」合约,都没有什么问题,但是“delivery“究竟所指为

  何,却不清楚,一般法律学者仅知道它是从古老的英国契约法沿用下来的用语,

  至于它的意义似已不可考。

   & minutes book

   公司法对于股东会与董事会开会,都要求做成“minutes book“(议事录),

  记载会议之日期、场所、主席姓名、决议方式、议事经过之要领与结果等等事

  项,历届股东会议事录还要备置于本公司供公司债权人随时查阅抄录。

   & legal requirements

   例如股权移转可能需要向财政部证券管理委员会申报,外国人投资必须由

  经济部投资审议委员会核准等,都属于这里所说的legal requirements (法律

  要件)。

   The Landlord hereby covenants that the Premises will not be sold or

  mortgaged to any third person during the term of this Agreement.

   房东保证本约期间不将租赁标的物出售或抵押给第三人。

   

  ___________________ ___________________

  By: By:

  Title: Title:

   本约由被授权之人,于本约序文所记载日期,代表双方当事人缔结之,特

  此为证。

   

  _________________ __________________

  代表人: 代表人:

  职称: 职称:

  ? IN WITNESS WHEREOF

  这三个字是英文合约结尾辞的标准模式,就权利义务的规范上并没有什么特别

  的功能或意义,与中文合约里最后通常会记载的「恐口说无凭,特立本约为证」

  很类似,有时候会用“INTENDING TO BE LEGALLY BOUND“代替,意思也是

  一样的。

  ? duly authorized representatives

  当合约之当事人为法人组织时,必须推派出一位自然人作为代表,例如公司的

  代表人通常会是董事长,代表公司与其它人订立合约,建立权利义务关系。除

  了董事长根据法律当然具备对外代表公司的权限之外,公司董事会也可以决议

  授权某一个董事、总经理、或其它重要职员作为公司签约的代表人,此时与公

  司签约的对方当事人为了确保这个代表人的确属于“duly authorized

  representative“,可以要求公司提供这个授权的董事会决议证明,以妥善保护自

  己的权益。

  ? the date and year first written above

  如果合约结尾辞里注明的日期和合约最前面序文所载的日期相同,就用这句话

  表示,如果不同的话,就应该另以条款明定合约生效日(Effective Date,请参

  考本书第贰编之拾参「合约之期间与更新」),以免产生争议。

   

   

   

  Well have the contract ready for signature.

  我们应准备好合同待签字。

  We signed a contract for medicines.

  我们签订了一份药品合同。

  Mr. Zhang sings the contract on behalf of the China National Silk Import & Export Corporation.

  张先生代表中国丝绸进出口总公司在合同上签了字。

  A Japanese company and SINOCHEM have entered into a new contract.

  中国化工进出口总公司已经和日本一家公司签订了一份新合同。

  It was because of you that we landed the contract.

  因为有了你,我们才签了那份合同。

  We offered a much lower price, so they got the contract.

  由于我们报价低,他们和我们签了合同。

  Are we anywhere near a contract yet?

  我们可以(接近于)签合同了吗?

  We sign a contract when we are acting as principals.(principals refers to the seller and the

  “buyer)

  当我们作为货主时都要签订合同。(这里的“货主“指合同中的卖方和买方)

  I know we (the seller) should draw up a contract and the buyer has to sign it.

  我们知道我们(卖方)应该拟出一份合同,买方必须签署合同。

  We should simultaneously sign two contracts, one sales contract for beef and mutton, and the

  other contract of equal value for the purchase of cotton.

  我们同时签两个合同,一是牛羊肉的销售(出口)合同,另一个是等额的棉花购买(进口)

  合同。

  We both want to sign a contract, and we have to make some concessions to do it.

  我们都想签合同,因此双方都要做些让步。

  We are here to discuss a new contract with you.

  我们来这里和您谈谈订一份新合同的问题。

  Our current contract is about to expire, and well need to discuss a new one.

  欧文们现有合同快要期满了,需要再谈一个新合同。

  We can repeat the contract on the same terms.

  我们可以按同样条件再订一个合同。

  A few problems with supply under the old contract must be quickly resolved.

  老合同中的一些供货问题必须尽快解决。

  We ought to clear up problems arising from the old contract.

  我们应该清理一下老合同中出现的问题。

  Do you always make out a contract for every deal?

  每笔交易都需要订一份合同吗?

  As per the contract, the construction of factory is now under way.

  根据合同规定,工厂的建设正在进行中。

   

  Words and Phrases

  contract 合同,订立合同

  contractor 订约人,承包人

  contractual 合同的,契约的

  to make a contract 签订合同

  to place a contract 订合同

  to enter into a contract 订合同

  to sign a contract 签合同

  to draw up a contract 拟订合同

  to draft a contract 起草合同

  to get a contract 得到合同

  to land a contract 得到(拥有)合同

  to countersign a contract 会签合同

  to repeat a contract 重复合同

  an executory contract 尚待执行的合同

  a nice fat contract 一个很有利的合同

  originals of the contract 合同正本

  copies of the contract 合同副本

  a written contract 书面合同

  to make some concession 做某些让步

   

   

  (二)

   

  Look at this contract.

  请看这份合同。

  These are two originals of the contract we prepared.

  这是我们准备好的两份合同正本。

  We enclose our sales contract No.45 in duplicate.

  附上我们第45号销售合同一式两份。

  The copy of our contract will be returned.

  合同的副本将被归还。

  This contract is for 250 metric tons of groundnuts at RMB1800 per M/T C&FCopenhagen.

  这是一份250吨花生的合同,价格为每公吨哥本哈根成本加运费价1800元。

  May I refer you to Article 5 of the General Terms and Conditions of the contract?

  请您看看合同一般条款的第五条。

  May I refer you to the contract stipulation about packing (or shipping....)?

  请您看看合同中有关包装(装运)的规定。

  You must state the description of the goods, the quantity and the unit price in each contract.

  每笔合同中都应该提到的商品的性能说明、数量和单价。

  What are the main clauses in the contract?

  合同中的主要条款有哪些?

  There is an arbitration clause in the contract. (or insurance clause, inspection clause, shipping

  clause...)

  这是合同中的一项仲裁条款。(或:保险条款,检验条款,装运条款等)

  Payment terms are important in a contract too, arent they?

  合同中的付款条件也很重要,对吗?

  We ship our goods in accordance with the terms of the contract.

  我们按合同条款交货。

  Im sure that shipment will be effected according to the contract stipulation.

  我保证我们能按合同规定如期装船。

  We sincerely hope that both quality and quantity are in conformity with the contract stipulations.

  我们真诚希望质量、数量都与合同规定相吻合。

  All terms and conditions will be the same as those in your previous contract number C70064.

  所有条款与我们过去签的第C70064号合同规定的各项条款相同。

  The contract states that the supplier will be charged a penalty if there is a delay in delivery.

  合同规定如果供货商延误交货期,将被罚款。

  When the goods arent up to specification stated in the contract, there is also a penalty for poor

  quality.

  如果所交货物与合同所规定规格不符,还有品质恶劣罚款。

   

  Words and Phrases

  contract terms (or contract clause) 合同条款

  contract provisions/stipulations 合同规定

  contract period (or contract term) 合同期限

  contract life 合同有效期

  to be stipulated in the contract 在合同中予以规定

  to be laid down in the contract 在合同中列明

   

   

  (三)

   

  The contract comes into effect today, we cant go back on our word now.

  合同已于今日生效,我们不能反悔了

  Once the contract is approved by the Chinese government, it is legally binding upon both parties.

  合同一经中国政府批准,对双方就有了法律约束力。

  We have to hold you to the contract.

  我们不得不要求你们按合同办事。

  You must put their rights and interest into a contract.

  你们必须把他们的权益订在合同中。

  We always carry out the terms o four contract to the letter and stand by what we say.

  我们坚持重合同,守信用。

  Its clearly a breach of contract.

  这显然是违反了合同。

  Any deviation from the contract will be unfavourable.

  任何违反合同之事都是不利的。

  The buyer has the option of canceling the contract.

  买主有权撤消合同。

  You have no grounds for backing out of the contract.

  你们没有正当理由背弃合同。

  In case one party fails to carry out the contract, the other party is entitled to cancel the contract.

  如果一方不执行合同,另一方有权撤消该合同。

  Are you worrying about the non-execution of the contract and non-payment on our part?

  你是否担心我们不履行合同或者拒不付款?

  You cannot cancel the contract without first securing our agreement.

  如果没有事先征得我们同意,你们不能取消合同。

  This contract will come into force as soon as it is signed by two parties.

  合同一经双方签定即生效。

  Once a contract is made, it must be strictly implemented.

  合同一旦确定就应严格执行。

   

  Words and Phrases

  to bring a contract into effect 使合同生效

  to come into effect 生效

  to go (enter)into force 生效

  to cease to be in effect/force 失效

  to carry out a contract 执行合同

  to execute/implement/fulfil/perform a contract 执行合同

  cancellation of contract 撤消合同

  breach of contract 违反合同

  to break the contract 毁约

  to cancel the contract 撤消合同

  to tear up the contract 撕毁合同

  to approve the contract 审批合同

  to honour the contract 重合同

  to annual the contract 废除合同

  to terminate the contract 解除合同

  to alter the contract 修改合同

  to abide by the contract 遵守合同

  to go back on ones words 反悔

  to be legally binding 受法律约束

  to stand by 遵守

  non-payment 拒不付款

  to secure ones agreement 征得...的同意

  Additional Words and Phrases

  contract price 合约价格

  contract wages 合同工资

  contract note 买卖合同(证书)

  contract of employment 雇佣合同

  contract of engagement 雇佣合同

  contract of carriage 运输合同

  contract of arbitration 仲裁合同

  contract for goods 订货合同

  contract for purchase 采购合同

  contract for service 劳务合同

  contract for future delivery 期货合同

  contract of sale 销售合同

  contract of insurance 保险合同

  contract sales 订约销售

  contract law 合同法

  to ship a contract 装运合同的货物

  contractual dispute 合同上的争议

  a long-term contract 长期合同

  a short-term contract 短期合同

  contract parties 合同当事人

  contractual practice/usage 合同惯例

  contractual claim 根据合同的债权

  contractual liability/obligation 合同规定的义务

  contractual income 合同收入

  contractual specifications 合同规定

  contractual terms & conditions 合同条款和条件

  contractual guarantee 合同规定的担保

  contractual damage 合同引起的损害

  contractual-joint-venture 合作经营,契约式联合经营

  completion of contract 完成合同

  execution of contract 履行合同

  performance of contract 履行合同

  interpretation of contract 解释合同

  expiration of contract 合同期满

  renewal of contract 合同的续订

 
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